Married to Ingeld, a Heathobard prince. Geats, Geatmen. Dwells in the fens and moors. Causes the king untold agony for years. Is finally conquered by Beowulf, and dies of his wound. Younger brother of Hrothgar. Kills his brother Herebeald accidentally.
Is slain at Ravenswood, fighting against Ongentheow. Was a source of great sorrow to his people. Ruled the Danes long and well. Succeeds his father, with Beowulf as regent. Is slain by the sons of Ohthere. Heort , Heorot. It is invaded by Grendel for twelve years. Finally cleansed by Beowulf, the Geat. It is called Heort on account of the hart-antlers which decorate it.
Killed by Grendel just before Beowulf grappled with that monster. Marries Wealhtheow, a Helming lady. Has two sons and a daughter. Is a typical Teutonic king, lavish of gifts. A devoted liegelord, as his lamentations over slain liegemen prove. Also very appreciative of kindness, as is shown by his loving gratitude to Beowulf. Gives Hengest a beautiful sword. Hygelac , Higelac. The son of their union is Heardred. Is slain in a war with the Hugs, Franks, and Frisians combined.
Beowulf is regent, and afterwards king of the Geats. There are some indications that she married Beowulf after she became a widow. Marries the terrible Thrytho who is so strongly contrasted with Hygd. He is father of Eanmund and Eadgils. Married, perhaps, Elan, daughter of Healfdene.
He dies, and his body is put on a vessel, and set adrift. He goes from Daneland just as he had come to it—in a bark. Known for her fierce and unwomanly disposition. She is introduced as a contrast to the gentle Hygd, queen of Higelac. Taunts Beowulf for having taken part in the swimming-match. In the MS. Her queenly courtesy is well shown in the poem.
Weohstan , or Wihstan. He remains faithful to Beowulf in the fatal struggle with the fire-drake. Would rather die than leave his lord in his dire emergency. Ongentheow disables him, and is thereupon slain by Eofor. This means: From the obligations of clientage, my friend Beowulf, and for assistance thou hast sought us. The first passage v. The second passage v. Translate then: Wouldst let the South-Danes themselves decide about their struggle with Grendel.
With such collateral support as that afforded by B. The idiom above treated runs through A. The translation may be indicated as follows: Just as it is sad for an old man to see his son ride young on the gallows when he himself is uttering mournful measures, a sorrowful song, while his son hangs for a comfort to the raven, and he, old and infirm, cannot render him any kelp— he is constantly reminded, etc.
Several discrepancies and other oversights have been noticed in the H. Of these a good part were avoided by Harrison and Sharp, the American editors of Beowulf, in their last edition, The rest will, I hope, be noticed in their fourth edition. As, however, this book may fall into the hands of some who have no copy of the American edition, it seems best to notice all the principal oversights of the German editors.
Forgeaf hilde-bille See H. Wunde The Project Gutenberg eBook of Beowulf. This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.
If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Beowulf leaves Dane-land. Hrothgar weeps and laments at his departure.
Heyne, M. Paderborn, Wackerbarth, A. The famous race of Spear-Danes. Long did rule them. Soothly to tell us, they in halls who reside, 4.
God had perceived the malice-caused sorrow which they, lordless, had formerly long endured. Beowulf succeeds his father Scyld In the boroughs then Beowulf, bairn of the Scyldings,. Then the mighty war-spirit 1 endured for a season,. A foe in the hall-building: this horrible stranger 2. Who 3 dwelt in the moor-fens, the marsh and the fastness;. Grendel attacks the sleeping heroes When the sun was sunken, he set out to visit.
Asleep after supper; sorrow the heroes, 1. Endless agony; hence it after 3 became. Since God did oppose him, not the throne could he touch, 5. God wished to make his visit fatal to him. Hrothgar sees no way of escape from the persecutions of Grendel.
Heard in his home: 1 of heroes then living. Nesses enormous : they were nearing the limits. At the end of the ocean. No low-ranking fellow 4 adorned with his weapons,. Another, that adopted by S. A third is: B.
The H. The reading adopted by H. Translate : What warriors are ye, clad in armor, who have thus come bringing the foaming vessel over the water way, hither over the seas? For some time on the wall I have been coast guard, etc. Beowulf courteously replies. The chief of the strangers rendered him answer,. If the anguish of sorrow should ever be lessened, 1. Firmly at anchor ; the boar-signs glistened 2. This is supported by t. The highway glistened with many-hued pebble,.
Hrothgar remembers Beowulf as a youth, and also remembers his father. Hrothgar answered, helm of the Scyldings:. Who valuable gift-gems of the Geatmen 1 carried. Hasten to bid them hither to speed them, 2. Foes I escaped from, where five 3 I had bound,. Boldly to swallow 4 them, as of yore he did often. A head-watch to give me; 5 he will have me dripping. And dreary with gore, if death overtake me, 6.
Find me my food. Wood suggests: Thou wilt not have to bury so much as my head for Grendel will be a thorough undertaker ,—grim humor. This would make no essential change in the translation. In our translation, H. This agrees substantially with B. Hrothgar responds. Hrothgar discoursed, helm of the Scyldings:. Sit at the feast now, thy intents unto heroes, 2.
Unferth, a thane of Hrothgar, is jealous of Beowulf, and undertakes to twit him. Unferth spoke up, Ecglaf his son,. Opened the jousting the journey 1 of Beowulf,. Beowulf is fatally wounded in the final battle, and after his death he is buried in a barrow in Geatland by his retainers.
Beowulf is considered an epic poem in that the main character is a hero who travels great distances to prove his strength at impossible odds against supernatural demons and beasts. The poet who composed. Beowulf, while objective in telling the tale, nonetheless utilizes a certain style to maintain excitement and adventure within the story. An elaborate history of characters and their lineages are spoken of, as well as their interactions with each other, debts owed and repaid, and deeds of valor.
The events described in the poem take place in the late 5th century, after the Anglo-Saxons had begun migration and settlement in England, and before the beginning of the 7th century, a time when the Saxons were either newly arrived or in close contact with their fellow Germanic kinsmen in Scandinavia and Northern Germany.
The poem could have been transmitted in England by people of Geatish origins. The name of the Geats also lives on in the Swedish provinces of Vstergtland and stergtland, the Western and Eastern lands of the Geats, and in many other toponyms. East Anglia, as Sutton Hoo also shows close connections with Scandinavia, and also that the East Anglian royal dynasty, the Wuffings, were descendants of the Geatish Wulfings. Others have associated this poem with the court of King Alfred, or with the court of King Canute.
The poem deals with legends, i. Scholars generally agree that many of the personalities of Beowulf also appear in Scandinavian sources, but this does not only concern people e. As far as Sweden is concerned, the dating of the events in the poem has been confirmed by archaeological excavations of the barrows indicated by Snorri Sturluson and by Swedish tradition as the graves of Ohthere dated to c. In Denmark, recent archaeological excavations at Lejre, where Scandinavian tradition located the seat of the Scyldings, i.
Three halls, each about 50 metres long, were found during the excavation. The majority view appears to be that people such as King Hrogar and the Scyldings in Beowulf are based on real people in 6th century Scandinavia. Like the Finnsburg Fragment and several shorter surviving poems, Beowulf has consequently been used as a source of information about Scandinavian personalities such as Eadgils and Hygelac, and about continental Germanic personalities such as Offa, king of the continental Angles.
Nineteenth-century archeological evidence may confirm elements of the Beowulf story. Eadgils was buried at Uppsala, according to Snorri Sturluson. When Eadgils' mound to the left in the photo was excavated in , the finds supported Beowulf and the sagas.
They showed that a powerful man was buried in a large barrow, c , on a bear skin with two dogs and rich grave offerings. These remains include a Frankish sword adorned with. He was dressed in a costly suit made of Frankish cloth with golden threads, and he wore a belt with a costly buckle. There were four cameos from the Middle East which were probably part of a casket. This would have been a burial fitting a king who was famous for his wealth in Old Norse sources.
Ongeneow's barrow has not been excavated. The following is not a line-by-line translation of the original poem. Composed towards the end of the first millennium, the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf is one of the great Northern epics and a classic of European literature. In his new translation, Seamus Heaney has produced a work which is both true, line by line, to the original poem, and an expression, in.
Features an introduction and a commentary that incorporates the scholarship on "Beowulf" that has appeared since This work includes detailed bibliographic guidance to discussion of textual cruces, as well as to modern and contemporary critical concerns. It also addresses aids to pronunciation and advances in the study of the poem's. Beowulf is the longest and finest literary work to have come down to us from Anglo-Saxon times, and one of the world's greatest epic poems.
This acclaimed translation is complemented by a critical introduction and substantial editorial apparatus. The Anglo-Saxon poem recounting the story of Beowulf's battle with the monster, Grendel, is retold in the style of modern verse. Beowulf is. Home Downloads Free Downloads Beowulf pdf. Read Online Download. Great book, Beowulf pdf is enough to raise the goose bumps alone. Add a review Your Rating: Your Comment:.
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